Wireless telegraphy and transmission across space.



No. 794,334. PATENTED JULY 11, 1905. A. ARTDM.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TRANSMISSION ACROSS SPACE.

APPLIOATIOH FILED MAY 3. 1904.

' NITED STATES Patented July 11, 1905.

ALESSANDRO ARTOM, OF TURIN, ITALY.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TRANSMISSION ACROSS SPACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 794,334, dated July 11, 1905.

Application filed May 3,1904. Serial No. 206,159.

To all whom, it nan/y concern.-

Be it known that I, ALESSANDRO ARTOM, industrial and electrical engineer, professor at the Galileo Ferraris School of the Royal Industrial Museum of Turin, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy, (whose-post-ofiice address is 3 Via Venti Settembre,) have invented cer tain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to I/Vireless Telegraphy and Transmissions Across Space; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

In the experiments and applications successfully effected of my invention for the employment of circularly or elliptically polarized electromagnetic waves for the purpose of transmitting actions, or more generally speaking, energy through space, as disclosed in my United States patent No. 770,668, I have found it advantageous in order to obtain more perfect results both in the transmission and reception of these electromagnetic waves, to use the form of aerial conductors hereinafter described, and which form the subject of the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is an oblique or perspective view of one form of aerial conductors with attached conductors; Fig. 2 is a similar view of aerials having curved ends. Figs. 3 and 4 are front elevations of other forms. Fig. 5 is an oblique view or perspective of plate conductors of another form. Fig. 6 is an elevation and plan of curved or sector-shaped conductors. Fig. 7 is a front elevation of a modification.

According to Fig. 1 of the drawings, the aerial conductors are arranged symmetrically with respect to the predetermined desired di' rection in which electrical transmission is to take place, so that they form a downwardlyopen angle with one another of ninety degrees, each of them being inclined forty-five degrees to a horizontal. These aerials consist of lattices or grids, 14, 15, 16, 17, of preferably parallel conducting-wires, of any suitable material, as copper, the plane of said grids extending generally in, or being parallel to the direction of transmission of the waves, and in lieu of grids, plates or masts composed of a single piece are advantageously employed, thereby forming extended metallic surfaces ninety degrees apart and lying generally in the plane of, or parallel to the plane of direction of transmission of the waves. These aerials are connected by wires, 14, a and 16, 6., which are covered or not with a suitable insulating substance, to a suitable generating apparatus, or to a receiver as the case may be. These wires are preferably, but not necessarily inclined at forty-five degrees to a horizontal so as to form between each other and the grid to which they are connected angles of substantially ninety degrees so that in front view the grids and their connecting-wires form approximately a square figure as clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The connecting-wires or conductors can conveniently take the form of grids or plates or masts of the same type as the aerials. The aerials, whether of plate or grid shape, form an extended surface and are with advantage slightlycurved, either for a part or throughout their whole length as shown in Fig. 2 and in dotted lines in Figs. 3 and 4.

In the modified form shown in front elevation in Fig. 3, the aerials 14, 15, and 16, 17, are provided at symmetrical points of their length and in the same plane, with auxiliary aerials or inwardly-projecting pieces 14 and 16 perpendicular to the main aerials and likewise making an angle of forty-five degrees with the horizontal, but the angle be tween the two projections or auxiliary aerials opens upward while that between the main aerials opens. downward. These secondary aerials 14 and 16 may have their inner ends bent at right angles as shown at 15 and 17 Fig. 4, so that the bent ends are parallel with the main aerials 14, 15 and 16, 17. All of the auxiliary aerials, whether bent or not, are of the same materials as the main aerials as well as of the same form and type and can therefore be curved or not, and must be symmetrical to the main aerials. The curved forms are indicated in dotted lines Figs. 3 and 4.

A further advantageous form is shown in Fig. 5, where the secondary aerials 14 and 15 project laterally or in the plane of and perpendicular to the main aerial and like wise perpendicular to a vertical plane passing through both aerials, thereby lying generally in the direction in which'the waves are to be transmited. thus reinforcing or increasing the force of the Waves in the desired direction.

At the rear edges of the aerials 14, 15 and 16, 17 are disposed secondary pieces or projections p and Q that act as screens and prevent the backward transmission of the waves and cause the waves for the greater part to radiate in the desired direction of transmission.

The aerial conductors may also be in the form of sectors of spherical surfaces placed at an angle to one another and symmetrical to the direction of transmission and preferably forming between them a backward open angle of ninety degrees. This arrangement, like the above-described curved aerials, concentrates the radiations nearer the earth and therefore diminishes the width of the cone. Secondary aerials 14 and 16 projecting from the sectors and perpendicular thereto and therefore radial to the sectors are also employed to increase the concentration and 'force the cone of waves more toward the earth. The angular width of the sectors may be varied to suit different cases.

In Fig. 7 the two aerials are shown as multiple, in this particular case shown as triplicate, they can, however, be as Well made double or multiplied to any desired degree by suitable secondary aerials disposed parallel to the main aerials.

The main aerials 14, 15 and 16, 17 have parallel to them a pair of secondary aerials 14, 15 and 16, 17, and another pair of secondary aerials 14, 15 and 16, 17 each connected to the main conductors 14, a, and 16, b by suitable conductors.

It is necessary for regularity of operation that all of the elements of the aerials have the same electrical resistance in order that the ends 15, 15, 15 &c. at any instant shall have the same electrical potential, therefore the parts must not only have the same form and type but must also have the same total length so that the length 14, 14, a shall be equal to the length 15, 14, a. (Fig. 3); the length 15, 1.4, 14, a shall be equal to the length 15, 14, a. (Fig. 4) and in like manner for the other aerial of the pair. As this con dition must also be complied with in the structure shown in Fig. 7, 1 insert in each the resistances r and 1' which render the lengths 15", 14, a; 15, 14, a and 15, 14, a equal.

The several modifications above described and illustrated in the drawings designed to be employed at transmitting and receiving stations, multiply and reinforce at the sending-station the circularly and elliptically polarized electromagnetic waves at the same time radiating these waves in the desired direction and diminishing as much as possible the backward transmission and produce a narrower cone or bundle of rays, while at the receiving-station they are more fully collected, thereby effecting considerable sparing of energy. Experiments made by me with such forms of aerials as herein described have clearly shown the saving of energy and facility of transmission of signals.

It is obvious that the several forms of aerials may be used independently of one another, or each in conjunction with one or all of the others and theymay'be duplicated, triplicated and generally multiplied and in different but in parallel planes and at different heights.

Having thus described my invention,what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic waves, comprising aerial conductors forming a downwardly-open angle andextending generally in the direction of transmission of said waves.

2. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic waves, comprising aerial conductors forming a downwardly-open angle of forty five degrees to a horizontal and extending generally in the direction of transmission of said waves.

3. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic waves comprising curved aerial conductors forming a downwardly-open angle and extending generally in the direction of transmission of said waves, substantially as described.

4. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic waves, comprising aerials of electrically-conductive grids forming a downwardl open angle and extending generally in the (firection of transmission of said waves, substantially as described.

5. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic waves, comprising aerials of electrically-conductive curved grids forming a downwardly-open angle and extending generally in the direction of transmission of said waves, substantially as set forth.

6. Apparatus for signaling by electromag netic waves, comprising aerials forming a downwardly-open angle and auxiliary aerials projecting into the open angle, both extending generally in the direction of transmission of said waves.

7. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic waves, comprising main aerials forming a downwardlyopen angle and auxiliary aerials perpendicular thereto and extending into the open angle and both extending generally in the direction of transmission of said Waves, substantially as set forth.

8. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic waves, comprising main conductive grids forming a downwardly-open angle and auxiliary grids symmetrical and perpendicular to the main grids, extending into the open angle and both main and auxiliary grids extending generally in the direction of transmission of said Waves, substantially as set forth.

9. Apparatus for signaling by electroma netic Waves, comprising main curved aeria s forming adownwardly-open angle and curved auxiliary aerials extending into the open angle and both main and auxiliary aerials extending generally in the direction of transmission of said Waves, substantially as set forth.

10. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic Waves, comprising main aerials forming a downwardlyopen angle and projections extending in the planes of the aerials, said aerials and projections extending generally in the direction of transmission of the Waves, substantially as set forth.

1.1. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic Waves, comprising main aerials forming a downwardly-open angle, projections extending in the plane of the aerial and auxiliary aerials symmetrical to the main aerials and extending into the open angle and all of the aforesaid parts extending generally in the direction of transmission of the Waves, substantially as set forth.

12. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic Waves, comprising aerials forming a downwardly-open angle and each composed of a plurality of parallel elements electrically connected in parallel and having substantially the same potential at their ends at a given instant of time, substantially as set forth.

13. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic Waves, comprising aerials forming a downwardly-open angle and a conductor c011- nected to each aerial substantially at right angles to the aerials and forming With them substantially a rectangle.

14. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic Waves, comprising aerials forming a downwardly-open angle of ninety degrees, a conductor connected to each of said aerials forming With one another an upwardly-open angle of ninety degrees and said aerials extending generally in the direction of transmission of said Waves.

15. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic Waves, comprising aerials inclined at forty-five degrees to a horizontal and forming a downwardly-open angle and extending generally in the direction of transmission of said Waves, and means on each aerial to prevent the backward transmission of the Waves.

16. Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic Waves, comprising aerials disposed ninety degrees apart and forming a down- Wardly-open angle and extending generally in the direction of transmission of said Waves, and projections on the aerials extending sub stantially at right angles to their plane to prevent the backward transmission of the Waves, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention 1 have signed my name in presence of tWo subscribing Witnesses.

ALESSANDRO ARTOM.

Witnesses:

EUGENIO G. B. CASETTA. [L. s.] GOTTARDO O. PIRONI. [L. s.] 

